과 제 6

2개의 카운터와 수자표시

학습목표

카운터 2개로 각각 수자를 표시하고 2수자의 차를 다른 수자표시에 나타낸다.

학습주제

앞에서 제작한 카운터를 1개 추가하고 수자표시는 3개를 사용한다.

예습내용

실습방법

목 차

카운터 본체 회로도 이다. LCD는 리얼시스 회사 제품을 사용한다. 그리고 근접센서는 24V를 사용하고 12V사용시에는 R3,R5의 크기를 1/2로 작게 하면 된다.

1. 카운터 보드 제작

아래 그림과 같이 보드를 제작한다. 이 때 LCD를 “A”채널에 연결하여 제작한다.

2. 카운터 프로그램

INT0,1 두개의 인터럽트 함수를 만들고 UART0에서 RX,TX 인터럽트 함수를 만든다. 나머지는 전 단원과 같이 선택한다.

카운트 프로그램

통신의 시작은 0x02를 보내고 카운트 된 수자는 4개의 문자로 바꾸어서 전송하여 4개의 7세그먼트가 동작하도록 한다.

#include <mega128.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <delay.h>

// Alphanumeric LCD Module functions

#asm

.equ __lcd_port=0x1B

#endasm

#include <lcd.h>

void SendData();

char sbuf[20];

int count0=0,count1=0;

// External Interrupt 0 service routine

interrupt [EXT_INT0] void ext_int0_isr(void)

{

count0++;

SendData();

}

// External Interrupt 1 service routine

interrupt [EXT_INT1] void ext_int1_isr(void)

{

count1++;

SendData();

}

#define RXB8 1

#define TXB8 0

#define UPE 2

#define OVR 3

#define FE 4

#define UDRE 5

#define RXC 7

#define FRAMING_ERROR (1<<FE)

#define PARITY_ERROR (1<<UPE)

#define DATA_OVERRUN (1<<OVR)

#define DATA_REGISTER_EMPTY (1<<UDRE)

#define RX_COMPLETE (1<<RXC)

// USART0 Receiver buffer

#define RX_BUFFER_SIZE0 8

char rx_buffer0[RX_BUFFER_SIZE0];

unsigned char rx_wr_index0,rx_rd_index0,rx_counter0;

// This flag is set on USART0 Receiver buffer overflow

bit rx_buffer_overflow0;

// USART0 Receiver interrupt service routine

#pragma savereg-

interrupt [USART0_RXC] void uart0_rx_isr(void)

{

char status,data;

#asm

push r26

push r27

push r30

push r31

in r26,sreg

push r26

#endasm

status=UCSR0A;

data=UDR0;

if ((status & (FRAMING_ERROR | PARITY_ERROR | DATA_OVERRUN))==0)

{

rx_buffer0[rx_wr_index0]=data;

if (++rx_wr_index0 == RX_BUFFER_SIZE0) rx_wr_index0=0;

if (++rx_counter0 == RX_BUFFER_SIZE0)

{

rx_counter0=0;

rx_buffer_overflow0=1;

};

#asm

pop r26

out sreg,r26

pop r31

pop r30

pop r27

pop r26

#endasm

}

#pragma savereg+

#ifndef _DEBUG_TERMINAL_IO_

// Get a character from the USART0 Receiver buffer

#define _ALTERNATE_GETCHAR_

#pragma used+

char getchar(void)

{

char data;

while (rx_counter0==0);

data=rx_buffer0[rx_rd_index0];

if (++rx_rd_index0 == RX_BUFFER_SIZE0) rx_rd_index0=0;

#asm("cli")

--rx_counter0;

#asm("sei")

return data;

}

#pragma used-

#endif

// USART0 Transmitter buffer

#define TX_BUFFER_SIZE0 8

char tx_buffer0[TX_BUFFER_SIZE0];

unsigned char tx_wr_index0,tx_rd_index0,tx_counter0;

// USART0 Transmitter interrupt service routine

#pragma savereg-

interrupt [USART0_TXC] void uart0_tx_isr(void)

{

#asm

push r26

push r27

push r30

push r31

in r26,sreg

push r26

#endasm

if (tx_counter0)

{

--tx_counter0;

UDR0=tx_buffer0[tx_rd_index0];

if (++tx_rd_index0 == TX_BUFFER_SIZE0) tx_rd_index0=0;

};

#asm

pop r26

out sreg,r26

pop r31

pop r30

pop r27

pop r26

#endasm

}

#pragma savereg+

#ifndef _DEBUG_TERMINAL_IO_

// Write a character to the USART0 Transmitter buffer

#define _ALTERNATE_PUTCHAR_

#pragma used+

void putchar(char c)

{

while (tx_counter0 == TX_BUFFER_SIZE0);

#asm("cli")

if (tx_counter0 || ((UCSR0A & DATA_REGISTER_EMPTY)==0))

{

tx_buffer0[tx_wr_index0]=c;

if (++tx_wr_index0 == TX_BUFFER_SIZE0) tx_wr_index0=0;

++tx_counter0;

}

else UDR0=c;

#asm("sei")

}

#pragma used-

#endif

// Standard Input/Output functions

#include <stdio.h>

// Declare your global variables here

void main(void)

{

// Declare your local variables here

// Input/Output Ports initialization

// Port A initialization

// Func0=In Func1=In Func2=In Func3=In Func4=In Func5=In Func6=In Func7=In

// State0=T State1=T State2=T State3=T State4=T State5=T State6=T State7=T

PORTA=0x00;

DDRA=0x00;

// Port B initialization

// Func0=In Func1=In Func2=In Func3=In Func4=In Func5=In Func6=In Func7=In

// State0=T State1=T State2=T State3=T State4=T State5=T State6=T State7=T

PORTB=0x00;

DDRB=0x00;

// Port C initialization

// Func0=In Func1=In Func2=In Func3=In Func4=In Func5=In Func6=In Func7=In

// State0=T State1=T State2=T State3=T State4=T State5=T State6=T State7=T

PORTC=0x00;

DDRC=0x00;

// Port D initialization

// Func0=In Func1=In Func2=In Func3=In Func4=In Func5=In Func6=In Func7=In

// State0=T State1=T State2=T State3=T State4=T State5=T State6=T State7=T

PORTD=0x00;

DDRD=0x00;

// Port E initialization

// Func0=In Func1=In Func2=In Func3=In Func4=In Func5=In Func6=In Func7=In

// State0=T State1=T State2=T State3=T State4=T State5=T State6=T State7=T

PORTE=0x00;

DDRE=0x00;

// Port F initialization

// Func0=In Func1=In Func2=In Func3=In Func4=In Func5=In Func6=In Func7=In

// State0=T State1=T State2=T State3=T State4=T State5=T State6=T State7=T

PORTF=0x00;

DDRF=0x00;

// Port G initialization

// Func0=In Func1=In Func2=In Func3=In Func4=In

// State0=T State1=T State2=T State3=T State4=T

PORTG=0x00;

DDRG=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 0 initialization

// Clock source: System Clock

// Clock value: Timer 0 Stopped

// Mode: Normal top=FFh

// OC0 output: Disconnected

ASSR=0x00;

TCCR0=0x00;

TCNT0=0x00;

OCR0=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 1 initialization

// Clock source: System Clock

// Clock value: Timer 1 Stopped

// Mode: Normal top=FFFFh

// OC1A output: Discon.

// OC1B output: Discon.

// OC1C output: Discon.

// Noise Canceler: Off

// Input Capture on Falling Edge

TCCR1A=0x00;

TCCR1B=0x00;

TCNT1H=0x00;

TCNT1L=0x00;

OCR1AH=0x00;

OCR1AL=0x00;

OCR1BH=0x00;

OCR1BL=0x00;

OCR1CH=0x00;

OCR1CL=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 2 initialization

// Clock source: System Clock

// Clock value: Timer 2 Stopped

// Mode: Normal top=FFh

// OC2 output: Disconnected

TCCR2=0x00;

TCNT2=0x00;

OCR2=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 3 initialization

// Clock source: System Clock

// Clock value: Timer 3 Stopped

// Mode: Normal top=FFFFh

// OC3A output: Discon.

// OC3B output: Discon.

// OC3C output: Discon.

TCCR3A=0x00;

TCCR3B=0x00;

TCNT3H=0x00;

TCNT3L=0x00;

OCR3AH=0x00;

OCR3AL=0x00;

OCR3BH=0x00;

OCR3BL=0x00;

OCR3CH=0x00;

OCR3CL=0x00;

// External Interrupt(s) initialization

// INT0: On

// INT0 Mode: Rising Edge

// INT1: On

// INT1 Mode: Rising Edge

// INT2: Off

// INT3: Off

// INT4: Off

// INT5: Off

// INT6: Off

// INT7: Off

EICRA=0x0F;

EICRB=0x00;

EIMSK=0x03;

EIFR=0x03;

// Timer(s)/Counter(s) Interrupt(s) initialization

TIMSK=0x00;

ETIMSK=0x00;

// USART0 initialization

// Communication Parameters: 8 Data, 1 Stop, No Parity

// USART0 Receiver: On

// USART0 Transmitter: On

// USART0 Mode: Asynchronous

// USART0 Baud rate: 9600

UCSR0A=0x00;

UCSR0B=0xD8;

UCSR0C=0x06;

UBRR0H=0x00;

UBRR0L=0x67;

// Analog Comparator initialization

// Analog Comparator: Off

// Analog Comparator Input Capture by Timer/Counter 1: Off

// Analog Comparator Output: Off

ACSR=0x80;

SFIOR=0x00;

// LCD module initialization

lcd_init(16);

// Global enable interrupts

#asm("sei")

sprintf(sbuf,"START");

lcd_gotoxy(0,0);

lcd_puts(sbuf);

while (1)

{

// Place your code here

};

}

void SendData()

{

char string[12]="12345678912";

sprintf(sbuf,"T:%d A:%d B:%d",count0,count1,count0-count1);

lcd_gotoxy(0,0);

lcd_puts(sbuf);

sprintf(string,"%c%4d%4d%4d",0x02,count0,count1,count0-count1);

puts(string);

}

3. 디스플레이 보드의 제작

아래 그림은 수자표시 보드의 회로도이다.

F포트의 하위4개는 출력으로 4개 수자의 도트를 제어하고 상위 4개는 입력으로 이 시스템의 ID를 프로그램 시작할 때 읽어 온다.

4. 수자표시 프로그램

수자표시 프로그램

0x02의 문자가 오면 4개의 문자를 받아 4자리의 7세그먼트로 표시한다.

0023과 같이 앞에 0이 앞에 오면 이는 표시하지 않게 했다.

#include <mega128.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <delay.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#define RXB8 1

#define TXB8 0

#define UPE 2

#define OVR 3

#define FE 4

#define UDRE 5

#define RXC 7

#define FRAMING_ERROR (1<<FE)

#define PARITY_ERROR (1<<UPE)

#define DATA_OVERRUN (1<<OVR)

#define DATA_REGISTER_EMPTY (1<<UDRE)

#define RX_COMPLETE (1<<RXC)

#define sbit(x,y) (x |= (1<<y)) //BIT 1

#define cbit(x,y) (x &= ~(1<<y)) //BIT 0

#define tbit(x,y) (x & (1<<y)) //BIT CHECK

void DispalyNumber();

// USART0 Receiver buffer

#define RX_BUFFER_SIZE0 15

char rx_buffer0[RX_BUFFER_SIZE0];

unsigned char rx_wr_index0,rx_rd_index0,rx_counter0;

// This flag is set on USART0 Receiver buffer overflow

bit rx_buffer_overflow0;

char sbuf[10],rmCount,ID=1;

int i,j;

char string[4];

// USART0 Receiver interrupt service routine

#pragma savereg-

interrupt [USART0_RXC] void uart0_rx_isr(void)

{

char status,data;

#asm

push r26

push r27

push r30

push r31

in r26,sreg

push r26

#endasm

status=UCSR0A;

data=UDR0;

if(data == 0x02) {//전송시작 표시

rx_wr_index0 = 0;

rmCount = 0;

}

if ((status & (FRAMING_ERROR | PARITY_ERROR | DATA_OVERRUN))==0)

{

rx_buffer0[rx_wr_index0]=data;

if (++rx_wr_index0 == RX_BUFFER_SIZE0) rx_wr_index0=0;

if (++rx_counter0 == RX_BUFFER_SIZE0)

{

rx_counter0=0;

rx_buffer_overflow0=1;

};

#asm

pop r26

out sreg,r26

pop r31

pop r30

pop r27

pop r26

#endasm

if(rx_buffer0[0]==0x02 && rmCount==12) {

//초기화

for(i=0;i<4;i++)

string[i]=0x00;

j=0;

switch(ID) {

case 1:

for(i=0;i<4;i++)

if(rx_buffer0[i+1]!=0x20)

string[j++]=rx_buffer0[i+1];

break;

case 2:

for(i=0;i<4;i++)

if(rx_buffer0[i+5]!=0x20)

string[j++]=rx_buffer0[i+5];

break;

case 3:

for(i=0;i<4;i++)

if(rx_buffer0[i+9]!=0x20)

string[j++]=rx_buffer0[i+9];

break;

}

DispalyNumber();

}

rmCount++;

}

#pragma savereg+

#ifndef _DEBUG_TERMINAL_IO_

// Get a character from the USART0 Receiver buffer

#define _ALTERNATE_GETCHAR_

#pragma used+

char getchar(void)

{

char data;

while (rx_counter0==0);

data=rx_buffer0[rx_rd_index0];

if (++rx_rd_index0 == RX_BUFFER_SIZE0) rx_rd_index0=0;

#asm("cli")

--rx_counter0;

#asm("sei")

return data;

}

#pragma used-

#endif

// USART0 Transmitter buffer

#define TX_BUFFER_SIZE0 8

char tx_buffer0[TX_BUFFER_SIZE0];

unsigned char tx_wr_index0,tx_rd_index0,tx_counter0;

// USART0 Transmitter interrupt service routine

#pragma savereg-

interrupt [USART0_TXC] void uart0_tx_isr(void)

{

#asm

push r26

push r27

push r30

push r31

in r26,sreg

push r26

#endasm

if (tx_counter0)

{

--tx_counter0;

UDR0=tx_buffer0[tx_rd_index0];

if (++tx_rd_index0 == TX_BUFFER_SIZE0) tx_rd_index0=0;

};

#asm

pop r26

out sreg,r26

pop r31

pop r30

pop r27

pop r26

#endasm

}

#pragma savereg+

#ifndef _DEBUG_TERMINAL_IO_

// Write a character to the USART0 Transmitter buffer

#define _ALTERNATE_PUTCHAR_

#pragma used+

void putchar(char c)

{

while (tx_counter0 == TX_BUFFER_SIZE0);

#asm("cli")

if (tx_counter0 || ((UCSR0A & DATA_REGISTER_EMPTY)==0))

{

tx_buffer0[tx_wr_index0]=c;

if (++tx_wr_index0 == TX_BUFFER_SIZE0) tx_wr_index0=0;

++tx_counter0;

}

else UDR0=c;

#asm("sei")

}

#pragma used-

#endif

// Standard Input/Output functions

#include <stdio.h>

// Declare your global variables here

void main(void)

{

// Declare your local variables here

// Input/Output Ports initialization

// Port A initialization

// Func0=Out Func1=Out Func2=Out Func3=Out Func4=Out Func5=Out Func6=Out Func7=Out

// State0=0 State1=0 State2=0 State3=0 State4=0 State5=0 State6=0 State7=0

PORTA=0x00;

DDRA=0xFF;

// Port B initialization

// Func0=Out Func1=Out Func2=Out Func3=Out Func4=Out Func5=Out Func6=Out Func7=Out

// State0=0 State1=0 State2=0 State3=0 State4=0 State5=0 State6=0 State7=0

PORTB=0x00;

DDRB=0xFF;

// Port C initialization

// Func0=Out Func1=Out Func2=Out Func3=Out Func4=Out Func5=Out Func6=Out Func7=Out

// State0=0 State1=0 State2=0 State3=0 State4=0 State5=0 State6=0 State7=0

PORTC=0x00;

DDRC=0xFF;

// Port D initialization

// Func0=Out Func1=Out Func2=Out Func3=Out Func4=Out Func5=Out Func6=Out Func7=Out

// State0=0 State1=0 State2=0 State3=0 State4=0 State5=0 State6=0 State7=0

PORTD=0x00;

DDRD=0xFF;

// Port E initialization

// Func0=In Func1=In Func2=In Func3=In Func4=In Func5=In Func6=In Func7=In

// State0=T State1=T State2=T State3=T State4=T State5=T State6=T State7=T

PORTE=0x00;

DDRE=0x00;

// Port F initialization

// Func0=Out Func1=Out Func2=Out Func3=Out Func4=Out Func5=Out Func6=Out Func7=Out

// State0=0 State1=0 State2=0 State3=0 State4=0 State5=0 State6=0 State7=0

PORTF=0x00;

DDRF=0x0F;

// Port G initialization

// Func0=In Func1=In Func2=In Func3=In Func4=In

// State0=T State1=T State2=T State3=T State4=T

PORTG=0x00;

DDRG=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 0 initialization

// Clock source: System Clock

// Clock value: Timer 0 Stopped

// Mode: Normal top=FFh

// OC0 output: Disconnected

ASSR=0x00;

TCCR0=0x00;

TCNT0=0x00;

OCR0=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 1 initialization

// Clock source: System Clock

// Clock value: Timer 1 Stopped

// Mode: Normal top=FFFFh

// OC1A output: Discon.

// OC1B output: Discon.

// OC1C output: Discon.

// Noise Canceler: Off

// Input Capture on Falling Edge

TCCR1A=0x00;

TCCR1B=0x00;

TCNT1H=0x00;

TCNT1L=0x00;

OCR1AH=0x00;

OCR1AL=0x00;

OCR1BH=0x00;

OCR1BL=0x00;

OCR1CH=0x00;

OCR1CL=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 2 initialization

// Clock source: System Clock

// Clock value: Timer 2 Stopped

// Mode: Normal top=FFh

// OC2 output: Disconnected

TCCR2=0x00;

TCNT2=0x00;

OCR2=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 3 initialization

// Clock source: System Clock

// Clock value: Timer 3 Stopped

// Mode: Normal top=FFFFh

// OC3A output: Discon.

// OC3B output: Discon.

// OC3C output: Discon.

TCCR3A=0x00;

TCCR3B=0x00;

TCNT3H=0x00;

TCNT3L=0x00;

OCR3AH=0x00;

OCR3AL=0x00;

OCR3BH=0x00;

OCR3BL=0x00;

OCR3CH=0x00;

OCR3CL=0x00;

// External Interrupt(s) initialization

// INT0: Off

// INT1: Off

// INT2: Off

// INT3: Off

// INT4: Off

// INT5: Off

// INT6: Off

// INT7: Off

EICRA=0x00;

EICRB=0x00;

EIMSK=0x00;

// Timer(s)/Counter(s) Interrupt(s) initialization

TIMSK=0x00;

ETIMSK=0x00;

// USART0 initialization

// Communication Parameters: 8 Data, 1 Stop, No Parity

// USART0 Receiver: On

// USART0 Transmitter: On

// USART0 Mode: Asynchronous

// USART0 Baud rate: 9600

UCSR0A=0x00;

UCSR0B=0xD8;

UCSR0C=0x06;

UBRR0H=0x00;

UBRR0L=0x67;

// Analog Comparator initialization

// Analog Comparator: Off

// Analog Comparator Input Capture by Timer/Counter 1: Off

// Analog Comparator Output: Off

ACSR=0x80;

SFIOR=0x00;

// Global enable interrupts

#asm("sei")

PORTF=0x0f;

//ID를 읽는다.

ID=0x00;

if(PINF.4)

sbit(ID,0);

if(PINF.5)

sbit(ID,1);

if(PINF.6)

sbit(ID,2);

if(PINF.7)

sbit(ID,3);

itoa(ID,string);

DispalyNumber();

delay_ms(1000);

while (1)

{

// Place your code here

};

}

void DispalyNumber()

{

//포트 초기화

PORTA=0;

PORTB=0;

PORTC=0;

PORTD=0;

PORTA.4=1;

PORTA.5=1;

PORTA.6=1;

PORTB.4=1;

PORTB.5=0;

PORTB.6=1;

PORTC.4=1;

PORTC.5=0;

PORTC.6=1;

PORTD.4=1;

PORTD.5=0;

PORTD.6=1;

j=strlen(string);

i=0;

while(j>0) {

switch(i) {

case 0 :

PORTA=string[j-1];

break;

case 1 :

PORTB=string[j-1];

PORTB.5=1;

break;

case 2 :

PORTC=string[j-1];

PORTC.5=1;

break;

case 3 :

PORTD=string[j-1];

PORTD.5=1;

break;

}

j--;

i++;

}

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